With You Until The End Essay -- Oscar Wilde The Devoted Friend Essays

With You Until The End 1. The story, The Devoted Friend, is an exercise to be scholarly. It shows how one can control just as how one can be controlled. It likewise shows exactly how far certain individuals will go for a companion. For this situation, Hans quit any pretense of dealing with his nursery to enable a to valid companion and passed on doing as such. Creator Oscar Wilde gives great detail of the characters and sets up clashes inside the plot to stress on the topic, a committed companion is one that is with you, and will do anything for you, until the end. 2. In the initial scene of the story a couple of minor characters are presented, including the storyteller, the Green Linnet, a little feathered creature with minuscule wings. The storyteller recounts to this story to a water-rodent, an old rodent with splendid, beady eyes and solid dark hairs. He felt it related to the rodent on account of how basic the rodent was being of the unadulterated white mother duck that had splendid red legs. All she was attempting to do was show her kids, who resembled minimal yellow canaries, how to fit into society and the rodent was offering impolite remarks. 3. As the Linnet recounted to the story, he told about Hans, a little man with an amusing, round, agreeable face. Hans had a benevolent heart and was an amazingly dedicated companion. This was demonstrated all through the story in him disregarding his nursery to help his dearest companion, Hugh the Miller. The Miller was a major man who was genuinely wealthy, he had a hundred sacks of flour, six cows, and a group of sheep. He exploited Hans since Hans accepted they were closest companions and the Miller frequently helped him to remember that. The Miller utilized blame to control Hans for doing whatever he required done, while never giving back. 4. The tone all through the story is ... ...t have Hans getting things done for him, he was taking from Hans’ garden his most wonderful blossoms and best organic products. 10. The second most clear clash in the story was Thought versus Action. Hans was continually thinking how much consideration his nursery required and by helping the Miller he would disregard his nursery, yet he generally did precisely what the Miller asked of him decisively. The Miller likewise knew precisely how to control Hans by utilizing blame, and he put that without hesitation each time he required something accomplished for him. 11. The Devoted Friend was an ideal case of how much fellowship intends to a few and how little it intends to other people. It demonstrated that it was so natural to control others and be controlled by others. Be that as it may, the most significant thing it demonstrated was exactly how far an individual would go to enable a companion to despite the fact that it implies giving up numerous things.

Between the Birksian theory and the traditional approach in the Dissertation

Between the Birksian hypothesis and the conventional methodology in the English law of Unjust Enrichment - Dissertation Example It is important to make outline between the potential cures that the law offers in the event of monetary misfortune, or the advancement of one-party past a sensible proportion of proportionality. The advancement of this rule during the time will be addressed in this examination, just as the improvement of the lawful scene with respect to unfair enhancement dependent on the rule of nonattendance of premise. Low enhancement is associated with the guideline of compensation, which stands contradicted to the rule of pay. It involves a cure dependent on the increase of one-party, or a cure dependent on misfortune to another gathering. Compensation A court-requested endeavor to make compensation requires the culpable party to give up gains under the control of the offended party/petitioner. (The respondent must give reparations to a distressed gathering in light of a misfortune which has happened in a way for which the litigant is seen as at risk. The advantages or money related points of i nterest gathered by the respondent are reestablished to the offended party dependent on a comprehension of an authentic case to said benefits. On account of legally binding commitments the estimation of assets or properties remembered for the agreement that will be remembered for the compensation judgment. Another circumstance wherein compensation is suitable would be the vindication of property rights which have been revoked by some activity †or inability to make a move on part of the respondent. (Graham, 2006). Issues of compensation relating to unreasonable advancement frequently pivot upon whether an agreement exists as a general rule, or whether it is just inferred in assumpsit as an outgrowth of other lawful procedures. Circumstances or nations where inferred authoritative commitments are nonbinding challenge the reason of compensation or unjustifiable enhancement. Here the chief issue gets one of distortion of the lawful commitments and ensuing cures ordered under standa rds of compensation. (Indian Contract Law, 1872) Compensation speaks to installment for harms as esteemed fitting by the court. Harms can appear as wounds or infringement of obligations dependent on previous lawful commitments, or because of tort law. A key contrast between the addition in based compensation and misfortune based pay is that compensation would require reparation for gains that should in any case have been shared by the litigant. Where pay is required, and desire for gain need not exist †all that is obtained is the capacity to show that activities (or carelessness) on some portion of the respondent was straightforwardly owing to injury, misfortune, or mischief endured by the offended party/petitioner. Pay is likewise proper in instances of break of agreement. On the off chance that the respondent goes into an authoritative consent to use the items or administrations of another gathering, and that optional gathering is required to use assets or assets in light of work that doesn't happen as requested, or a buy that isn't seen as concurred, at that point harms are proper. The petitioner could host attempted concurrence with different gatherings, and the consumption of assets without settled upon pay includes the loss of those assets without the guaranteed income. Where remuneration is fitting, the litigant need not really have benefitted themselves, as would be the

Literary Grey Ladies Two Books I Return To When I Miss Nantucket

Literary Grey Ladies Two Books I Return To When I Miss Nantucket Nantucket is a literary island. It is as if words came up through the sand and ebbed themselves into some of its residents. One friend worked at Book Works, the bookstore in town, and now pours over things about foreign relations for her graduate studies. Another friend and I talked about feminism and landscape in The County of the Pointed Firs while gentle waves near the jetties lapped around our ankles. A farmer told me how, unlike me, he had actually finished Moby Dick. Lastly, Julia Lewis, a poet,  and I huddled around our morning coffee, writing and revising, writing and revising, then distracting each other with book recommendations. The night I knew I would forever love Nantucket, my friends were having a party in the starlight. Most of them had been raised there, and over drinks, they joyfully joined together in a rendition of the Jabberwocky, Jubjub birds and all. Yes, there are interesting literate men on the little island, and in my seven years on and off it, I have read and met a few of   them. It also has plenty of great literary sights and sounds chronicled beautifully by fellow Rioter Kate Scott. As for me, the magic of Nantucket is in its women and their powerful use of words. This island girl-power is not a new thing. Since the time of the first whalers, women on this island, nicknamed the Grey Lady, have run everything from households to centers of trade with an efficiency that would make the likes of Jeff Bezos blush. They also wrote lettersâ€"mountains of lettersâ€"that crossed oceans, and now time gives us glimpses into their lives. So when I am missing salt and the fob and my friends, there are two books I reach for over and over. Both with strong women, both set on Nantucket. The Movement of Stars by Amy Brill This tells the story of Hannah Price, a young Quaker, who by day works as a librarian in the Nantucket Atheneum, and by night searches the starry sky for new scientific discovery. Set in the 1840s, the book is loosely based on the famous Nantucketer Maria Mitchell, who was the first American female astronomer. The Movement of Stars also captures the strange dissonance of the island as a place that can be almost claustrophobically small and cut off, yet cosmopolitan. Hannah herself represents this. On the one hand, she can’t deny her feelings for a man from a faraway place, but at the same time, she feels the pull of the island she loves. Ahab’s Wife by Sena Jeter Naslund Ahab’s wife only appears for a brief moment in Moby Dick, but Sena Jeter Naslund takes those few moments and creates Una, a character that is spiritual, self-posed and full of adventure. As the famous first sentence notes, Ahab was not Una’s first husband, and he was not her last. This complex, fun and thoughtful work of fiction is not just a love letter to Moby Dick but also pays homage to the island, women, and books. At one point, Una runs away on a whaling ship; when she grows up, she mentions how much she loves reading the French essayist Montaigne.  She also befriends Maria Mitchell and then lives in the far end of the Island known as Siasconset. It is a book that lives on my shelves as a reminder to look out onto the horizon and remember the island 30 miles out to sea. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Analysis of Katherine Mansfields The Garden Party

1. In his analysis of Katherine Mansfields The Garden Party, Thomas Foster argues that Lauras trip to the impoverished lane at the bottom of the film is a symbolic trip to Hades, along the lines of Persephones trip from Greek myth. Foster claims that the descent signifies a kind of social and sexual maturing for Laura, because by the end of it she has matured, although into what is not exactly clear. Foster sees evidence for interpreting Lauras descent as a trip into Hades throughout the story, but he relies mostly on Mrs. Sheridans possible connection to Demeter and the description of the journey from house to lane itself. Foster begins his discussion of Lauras trip by claiming that Mrs. Sheridan can be viewed as a version of Demeter, the goddess of agriculture, fertility, and marriage (Foster 274). In the story, Mrs. Sheridan embodies these themes, most obviously because she is hosting a garden party, but in the details of her character as well. She has many children, which insinua tes both fertility and the possibility of marriage, and she even has a whole bunch of canna lilies brought in to further liven up the party. Foster further argues that the guests admiring the flowers at Mrs. Sheridans garden party go about in couples, as if she has in some way been responsible for their pairing off, making a further connection between Mrs. Sheridan and marriage (Foster 274). Foster has far less evidence demonstrating that Laura represents Persephone except forShow MoreRelatedTylistic Analysis of Katherine Mansfield’s Garden Party1002 Words   |  5 PagesStylistic Analysis of Katherine Mansfield’s Garden Party To better comprehend our course: Style in Fiction, I have selected a short story the Garden Party, so as to analyze in terms of styles. 1. About the writer and the story 1.1 About the writer Beforehand, I’d like to give a brief introduction of the short story’s writer Katherine Mansfield and the short story. Katherine was born in Wellington, New Zealand, into a middle-class colonial family in 1888. She studied at Queens CollegeRead MoreIn Vincent O’Sullivan’S Finding The Pattern, Solving The1578 Words   |  7 PagesIn Vincent O’Sullivan’s Finding the Pattern, Solving the Problem: Katherine Mansfield The New Zealand European, it is noted that Katherine Mansfield ‘was an enthusiast for the cinema’, that ‘she acted in several movies’ and that ‘her letters frequently took up such images as the months that â€Å"stream by like a movie picture†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(18). Furthermore, her short story At the Bay begins with the line ‘Very early morning’(Mansfield 5), that when interpreted from a literary standpoint, is more suited to a screenplayRead MoreThemes in Miss Brill by Katherine Mansfi eld1896 Words   |  8 PagesThemes in Miss Brill by Katherine Mansfield Abstract: Fiction interpretation contributes to a more sufficient understanding and profound appreciation of literary works for readers. Miss Brill, a short story written by Katherine Mansfield, describes an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Though short in form, it is really worth detailed interpretation and appreciationRead MoreKatherine Mansfield s The Garden Party1770 Words   |  8 Pages Foster begins this chapter with Katherine Mansfield’s The Garden Party. It is about a girl, Laura, setting up a garden party. Her mother, Mrs. Sheridan let her prepare the garden party for the first time, so she wants to make it the best. While doing the preparations for the party, Laura hears about the recent death of a man in the little cottages down the hill. Because of this, she tries to convince her sister and mother to cancel the party. H ow could they celebrate when a neighbor justRead MoreEssay about How to Read Literature Like a Professor1562 Words   |  7 Pagesto a literary work you have read or viewed. * Chapter 4 – If It’s Square, It’s a Sonnet * Select three sonnets and show which form they are. Discuss how their content reflects the form. (Submit copies of the sonnets, marked to show your analysis. You may scan them or use your phone to take clear pictures.) * Chapter 5 – Now, Where Have I seen Her Before? * Define intersexuality. Discuss three examples that have helped you in reading specific works. Chapter 6 – When in Doubt,Read MoreThe Illusion of Youth2846 Words   |  12 Pages Katherine Mansfield’s Miss. Brill written in 1920 is a short story a part of Mansfield’s The Garden Party and Other Stories. It is a short story about a middle-aged teacher, who finds joy in spending her Sunday afternoons, sitting in the park. At the park, she finds joy in observing others around her and pretending, they are all actors and actresses on a stage. Miss. Brill finds joy in the illusion that she creates at the park. She is a woman, who lives a very humdrum life and finds joy creating

The First Ten Amendments - 2663 Words

Cammack 1 Lillian Cammack Criminal Justice Professor Rohrbach September 9, 2012 The First Ten Amendments The first Ten Amendments to the Constitution, or the Bill of Rights, were adopted in 1791. These amendments were added to the Constitution to protect the rights and liberties of an individual. I. Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion and Petition Cammack 2 As an individual, I had never before thought about what the Bill of rights meant to me. I cannot recall a time where I have had to exercise my rights. When I thought about the First Amendment, I automatically thought about the Freedom of Speech. I would say that is what most American’s think of in regards to the First Amendment. In reading this amendment, I now understand I†¦show more content†¦There have been periods in our history when soldiers took over the property and homes of citizens without consent, but this has never been something I have had to experience, or even have family tell me about. I chose this picture because it represents to me I do have the right to say no. I can tell military personnel without hesitation that they do not have the right to come into my home or Cammack 5 onto my property and take it over as their own. We live in an area surrounded by military personnel, but they have never had reason to take over our homes or property. They have established homes and bases of their own. If for some reason, it did come to wartime, and the need to house soldiers did arise, I could not see myself saying no, as I had a son injured in Iraq. But I also know that I do have that right, and that no one can take it from me. IV. Right of Search and Seizure Regulated The Fourth Amendment tells us that people have the right to be secure in their persons, homes, papers, and effects, against unreasonable search and seizure. Unless there is a warrant which has been given for probable cause, authorities cannot enter your residence. This warrant must tell what is to be searched, whether it is a person, a home, or belongings, and it must be specific. This also means that probable cause applies in all arrest situations. â€Å"Probable cause is the likelihood that there is a direct link between a suspect and a crime.† (Fagin, 2012) The police mustShow MoreRelatedThe First Ten Amendments Of The Constitution1920 Words   |  8 PagesThe first ten Amendments of the Constitution are the Bill of Rights which is a formal statement announcing the rights that the people of the United States had against the government. At the time of its inception, the American people felt additional protection was needed from the federal government, especially afte r the Constitution was ratified. These protections were later extended by way of the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 (Davies, 1999). The Bill of Rights contain protectionsRead MoreThe First Ten Amendments For The United States Constitution1163 Words   |  5 PagesCivics The first ten amendments added to the U.S. Constitution, now known as the Bill of Rights, have played a fundamental role in the Constitution. Still in effect today, the Bill of Rights has become a necessity in order to protect the individual rights of American citizens. In order to prevent an oppressive centralized government, James Madison, America’s fourth president, decided to lay the foundation of civil liberties in ten amendments. The First Amendment allows citizens the freedom of religionRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights And The Amendment Of The Constitution962 Words   |  4 Pageseach citizen is equally treated and allowed to share their idea and not be disgraced for it (Bodenhamer, 1993). The first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States established basic American civil liberties (Schweikart, 2004). The Bill of rights and the amendments of the constitution were written about the same time by the same people. The Bill of Rights and amendments both focused on limitation of state tyranny. The Bill of rights has been used for defining civil liberties in theirRead MoreUnited States Of America Constitution845 Words   |  4 Pageswould need to be adjusted or expanded for the changing times. The Bill of Rights and the Amendments go hand in hand with one another but in some ways are different. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution. Over the last 200 y ears, these amendments have made dramatic changes in how the United States of America’s government has been. These first ten amendments were made to protect the people. The Bill of Rights has created an amazing history that everyRead MoreThe United States Constitution and Its Various Amendments766 Words   |  4 Pageschange or revision. Since June twenty first of 1788, when the United States Constitution was ratified in Washington D.C. it has been considered The Law of the Land. Ever since that date, we have followed those rules as the Federal law and overall â€Å"ruling† of our lives. For almost two hundred twenty four years, this has been what our country has been following to this day. The United States Constitution is made up of seven articles, and twenty seven Amendments. These seven articles are written helpRead MoreQuestions On The Law Of The United States1387 Words   |  6 Pagesposted a banner in his room that said â€Å"What Would Jesus Do?† has violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. In order to avoid violating this clause, the banner must pass every prong of the Lemon test. However, this particular banner does not. Step Two: List the legal standards and how they will apply to your case and argument. The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment is the legal standard that pertains to this particular argument. When assessing whether the banner in questionRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States Constitution914 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a bill of rights? What is an amendment? How are the different? A bill of rights is a formality such as the Declaration of Independence and it is the outline of what the citizens feel their born rights are as people of a union. An amendment is the changing or altering of a legal or civil document. Specifically amendments in the United States Constitution include the changing or detailing of what the people need. These two phrases differ in what their purposes are. The bill of rights was setRead MoreThe United States Bill Of Rights882 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Bill of Rights was created in September 25, 1789 and ratified December 15, 1791. The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments to the Constitution that were establi shed to defend our rights as individuals and as American citizens. The Bill of Rights describes the rights of its people. The first four articles of the amendments deal specifically with the balance of power between the federal government and state government. There were some people who opposed to the ConstitutionRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment and The Bill of Rights654 Words   |  3 Pagesin the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment upholds the rights of United States citizens against government prosecution. Introduced to the Bill of Rights in 1789, the Fifth Amendment is a noteworthy amendment both during the past and in today’s world. The Fifth Amendment, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights, was proposed by James Madison, providing a way for the Founding Fathers of the United States to better protect the basic rights of people. Congress thought this amendment was necessaryRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights By James Madison And Influenced By George Mason1078 Words   |  5 Pagesan amendment. The constitution is the bases of the bill of rights. The federalist and the anti federalist had different views in which the bill of rights came into play. Many people in the United States did not want a government that reflected the England government. One will look at what is the bill of rights, what is an amendment, and how the two differ. What is the bill of rights? What is an amendment? How are they Different? The Bill of rights could be confused with an Amendment as

Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Free Essays

Introduction The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) its an organic compound whose molecules contain genetic instructions, its role is to store necessary information to create ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. The DNA segment that encloses this information is called gene. The DNA molecular structure was discovered jointly by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. We will write a custom essay sample on Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now From a chemistry perspective the DNA is a long polymer composed of two simple units, the monomers of nucleotides, whose main chain is formed by phosphate and sugar molecules. Connected to the sugar molecule is a molecule of four nitrogenous bases. The sequence of bases along the DNA constitute the genetic information which encodes the amino acids of proteins specific sequences. Translation occurs through the RNA messenger (mRNA) by copying part of the DNA chain through the process of transcription, subsequently this information is translated in proteins. RNA is used to synthesize proteins. Eukaryotes such as animals, plants and funghi contain their DNA inside the nucleus while prokaryotes such as bacteria DNA is scattered in the cytoplasm. Transcription The term transcription is given to the first stage of gene expression, when a DNA template synthesizes RNA. Proteins are synthesized by DNA through the nucleic acid RNA. RNA and DNA are similar, however, RNA contains ribose as its sugar and a uracil base, DNA in turn contains deoxyribose and a thymine base, therefore, whilst DNA nucleotides have a base A, G, C, or T, and RNA nucleotides have a base A, G, C, or U. DNA and RNA along with proteins are polymers that transmit information all the way through specific sequences of monomers. In both nucleic acids these monomers comprise four types of nucleotides supplying a specific sequence of nucleotide bases to each gene. In proteins the monomers are amino acids meticulously ordered in polypeptides. Transcription and translation are the means to synthesize protein from DNA. DNA and RNA only transcribe information from molecule to molecule. DNA synthesizes RNA through transcription by providing a template for assembling a corresponding sequence of RNA nucleotides, an identical process to DNA replication where a DNA strand template synthesizes new strands. In proteins, the resultant RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA), and is a transcript of the protein gene that communicates a genetic message from DNA to the cell synthesizing the protein. The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. The RNA transcript not yet translated into protein is a primary transcript. RNA synthesis is initiated in the nucleotide where the promoter gene, the RNA binding site, defines not only the beginning of transcription but also which DNA strand is the template. The promoter is where transcription begins when the RNA polymerase has attached. In eukaryotes the transcription factors composed by a set of proteins liaise the RNA polymerase binding and the beginning of transcription. In prokaryotes the RNA polymerase identifies and binds to the promoter, RNA polymerase II only binds to the promoter once specific transcription factors have already attached, this is called the transcription initiation complex, where enzyme begins transcribing the template DNA strand. Termination in prokaryotes is reached when the transcription proceeds through a terminator sequence in DNA, the terminator RNA which has then been transcribed is the terminator signal, and the transcript is released when the polymerase separates from the DNA which is then used as mRNA. Termination in eukaryotes happens through the polyadenylation signal sequence when the RNA polymerase II has transcribed the DNA sequence, which codes for the polyadenylation signal (AAUAA) in the pre-mRNA. After that, the AAUAA signal nucleotides, and RNA transcript proteins detach it from the polymerase, liberating the pre-mRNA. However, the polymerase precedes transcribing DNA for nucleotides after the site where the pre-mRNA was generated. The enzyme RNA polymerase is capable to start a chain without a primer, and therefore, reunites the RNA nucleotides while they pair off the base along the DNA template, assembling a polynucleotide just in its 5’ – 3’ direction. DNA nucleotides sequences determine the beginning and finishing of transcription. Transcription in Prokaryotes Prokaryotes enclose a particular type of RNA polymerase, a complex enzyme composed of five sub-units ?2’? (holoenzyme), that form a core enzyme which when bound to DNA synthesizes RNA. The core enzyme is attached to random DNA sites and the purified polymerase is called the sigma factor (?). Attachment of sigma factor to the core enzyme begins the transcription-promoter recognition. The enzyme then divides both DNA strands in the starting site. Once about ten nucleotides have been integrated into a transcript, the enzyme is changed to a transcriptional elongation complex releasing the sigma factor. The nucleotide at which transcription starts is designated as +1 and the previous nucleotide as -1. The previous DNA toward the 3’ end of the template is called upstream and the following DNA toward the 5 end of the template is called downstream. Small nucleotides sequences are recognized by an RNA polymerase as DNA connection point to start transcription, the promoters have consensus sequences recognized by enzymes. These sequences occur at about 10 and 35 nucleotide pairs before the initial site of transcription. Prokaryotic cells have an array of distinct sigma factors that recognise different promoter sequences. Elongation is performed by the core enzyme after the release of ? subunit. The polymerase continuously unfolds the DNA ahead and folds the DNA behind the site of transcription (already transcribed). The RNA strand will be disengaging from the DNA as that RNA polymerase moves along the double helix. The protein RHO is necessary for termination of transcription. Termination occurs when the RNA polymerase finds a termination signal – the transcription complex dissociates and releases the RNA molecule. Sometimes, the polymerase finishes transcription without additional factors when it arrives at a terminator sequence and releases the RNA. There are two types of terminators in E. coli:-dependent terminators of RHO and independent terminators of RHO. Transcription in Eukaryotes In eukaryotes there are three types of different RNA polymerases acting in transcription, RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, RNA polymerase III. Each RNA polymerase is responsible for transcription of a specific class of genes This difference in RNA polymerases is one of the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Other difference in transcription between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes involve an array of transcription factors. Transcription factors are accessory proteins are essential for polymerase binding to DNA template throughout the whole three stages of transcription. The three types of RNA (mRNA’s, rRNA’s and tRNA’s) are originated from RNA molecules. The first RNA is called the primary transcript, (pre-RNA). The site of DNA from which a primary transcript is transcribed is a transcription unit. The generation of RNA involves 90 to 300 nucleotides and their accessory proteins. The genes primary transcripts that encode proteins suffer modification before being transported to the cytoplasm. RNA polymerase requires transcription factors to initiate RNA synthesis and bind to the promoter region to form a complex initiation for the binding of RNA polymerase and beginning of transcription. Polyadenylation play an important role in the transport of RNA from the nucleus to the protein. ENZYME LOCATION PRODUCTS RNA POLYMERASE I Nucleolus Ribosomal RNA, except RNAr 5S RNA POLYMERASE II Nucleus Nuclear pre-RNA RNA POLYMERASE III Nucleus RNAt small nuclear RNA Conclusion The processes of translation and transcription are related in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, however, due to prokaryotes not possessing nuclei, their DNA is not segregated from ribosomes and protein synthesis apparatus, which allow initiation of mRNA translation while transcription is occurring. Eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus where RNA transcripts are modified to generate mRNA, the transporter of information from DNA to the cell synthesizing protein, which is then translated in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes have only one type of RNA for protein synthesis, such as ribosomal RNA. Eukaryotes have three types of RNA polymerase in the nucleus. RNA polymerase II is responsible for mRNA synthesis. RNA polymerases I and III transcribe RNA molecules that are not translated into protein. References Campbell, N., Reece, J., Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., Minorsky, P., Jackson, R. (2008) Biology 8th Edition. San Francisco: Pearson international Edition. pp 351-367. Latchman, D. (2002) Gene Regulation: A eukaryotic perspective. 4th Edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. pp 35-65. Karp, G. (2005) Cell and Molecular Biology. 4th Edition. United Sates of America: Von Hoffmann Press. pp 436-467. How to cite Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Essay examples

The United States Stance with North Korea and Iran on Nuclear War

Executive Summary The United States does not have the best options for dealing with the North Korean and Iranian nuclear energy disputes. Inducements, pressures, and intimidations have not been successful.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The United States Stance with North Korea and Iran on Nuclear War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A military intervention would provisionally stop the plans to launch a nuclear energy, but human organizations and diplomatic requirements would prevent this strategy. Moreover, military strike would bring about a high risk of reconstitution and would hasten the conflict. For some decision makers in the American government, the superlative alternative is to isolate these governments until they disintegrate or pressures build on them to an extent where they might be forced to engage in consultations based on the US stipulations. This alternative has the veneer of stiffness, which is enough to make it politically justifiable in the American government. Upon a careful analysis, the strategy in reality permits North Korea and Iran to carry on with their nuclear programs uncontrolled. It also neglects more attainable short-term objectives of improving intelligibility and securing susceptible nuclear equipments. The policy seeks to attain tentative long-term ambition of denuclearization. These short-term objectives are believed to be significant to the US national security in the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). North Korea and Iran are extremely different nations that share in any case one vital relationship, which is related to decades of separation from Washington. The US has developed various policies aiming at segregating the two from the global society.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They ar e also compared in terms of their role, which is related to undermining the peace and security of the regions they occupy. The countries do not have respect for fundamental freedoms and support policies that are hostile to the United States, its associates, and partners. Introduction The nuclear dispute with North Korea and Iran are amongst the most obstinate national security problems that the US policy makers are faced with in the current international system. Democratic and Republican regimes have generated diverse strategies toward every state at different periods. These policies vary from joint and polygonal discourse with inducements or pressures to sanctions, segregation, and even the threat of military intervention. None of these strategies has prevented the nuclear development of either country. Iran has moved on with its uranium fortification plan and abridged collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The breakdown in North Korea is even more sensit ive because Pyongyang pulled out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 2003, carried out nuclear experiments in 2006 and 2009, and currently requesting for recognition as a â€Å"Nuclear Weapons State.† One question that cannot be avoided is that why did agreements reached with North Korea and Iran to congeal or limit their nuclear plans disintegrate1. One wonders what could be the projections for current ambassadorial efforts. Evaluating the two cases discloses general prototypes that offer the signs of deteriorating negotiations. North Korea and Iran were forced to negotiate based on their insight of chance and susceptibility.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The United States Stance with North Korea and Iran on Nuclear War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their views were motivated by the instantaneous strategy context they faced, which includes the political, financial, and defense situation existing at home, in their regions, and in the international system2. When accords reached could not convene their objectives, their views on chance and susceptibility, and in turn, their policy, changed. Discussions in both cases were prolonged and Iran and North Korea changed policy in reaction to the development in the policy context over time. Particularly, their justifications for possessing a nuclear potential extended to include discouraging governmental change, improving negotiation advantage, and attaining political trustworthiness with the United States. This proposal suggests a study that would be of great importance in understanding the American policy makers behavior as regards to the threats posed by Iran and North Korea since the two countries have always posed serious security challenges to other actors in the international system. The paper proposes a methodology that would be used to conduct an extensive research on the views of some of the American polic y makers regarding the actions to be taken to stop the influence of Iran and North Korea. The techniques will be discussed in summary, as well as the data collection methods. Before moving to give a viable methodology, the paper will review the existing body of knowledge under the literature review section to understand the actions that have already been taken by both Democrats and Republicans. In the fifth chapter, the proposal will give a data analysis technique, which would be ideal for analyzing data generated through quantitative study. The proposal gives the summary of the finding at the end.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Question How will the United States respond to North Korea and Iran’s threats of nuclear war? Purpose Statement The United States has an intricate plan for addressing issues related to Iranian and North Korean nuclear programs. The plan is not restricted to the nuclear challenges that the two states pose. This implies that the United States has always perceived the two states as the major threat to its national interests because of their capability to disrupt peace. The United States has come up with various programs aiming at stopping the two countries from interfering with its national interests, especially its national security. The main question is how the United States will act to prevent the two aggressors in the international system from tempering with the lives of its citizens. The main question is whether the United States will act unilaterally or it would consult other actors (Multilateral action). The main purpose of the paper is to evaluate the options av ailable to the United States policy makers. The US has various options, but some factors would be considered before arriving at the most excellent option. The paper looks at some of the factors that must be considered before coming up with the best option to address the challenge posed by North Korea and Iran Significance The study is of great importance because it discusses some of the consequences that the state will have to deal with when it decides to intervene military. The paper gives a number of options, as well as their effects to the people of the United States and the international system. The study conducts a literature review to determine some of the options that have been employed before, implying that policy makers can rely on the document to come up with the most viable policy as regards to addressing the thorny issue of nuclear weapons. Literature Review Existing body of knowledge offers various alternatives to the American policy makers as regards to nuclear weapons threats that Iran and North Korea pose. There are gabs in the literature because some scholars and analysts observe that the United States should act unilaterally meaning that it should act as a world police in mitigating the nuclear problems while some observe that consultations would be the only viable approach. The existing literature proves that the spread of democracy is the only way in resolving the nuclear problem, even though the approaches differ. In one of the articles titled ‘the spread of nuclear weapons,’ Sagan and Waltz posed a major question regarding world security and peace. They ask the question, â€Å"What will the spread of nuclear weapons do to the world.† Waltz’s standpoint is that the spread of nuclear power would be productive to the world economy and the development of the world3. For developing countries such as Iran and North Korea, their acquisition of nuclear power is productive since it would go a long way to uplift the livin g standards of the poor. His believe is that the deterrence policy and the rational actor model would be utilized effectively to prevent the occurrence of war owing to the possession of nuclear weapons. He even goes a notch higher to claim that the presence of nuclear weapons would make states more cautious because they are mutually assured of destruction. With the acquisition of nuclear weapons, states would definitely drop their ambitions of producing conventional weapons. Moreover, states would cut military spending, as soon as they acquire nuclear energy, which is beneficial to the world security. Waltz advises that states should not stop arming themselves simply because the US instructs them not to acquire relevant weapons. The role of the US in this case is to enter into peaceful agreements with a state wishing to acquire nuclear energy, but not impeding the plans of the state. This is because the United States cannot offer protection to all states in the world hence the acqui sition of nuclear energy should not be an issue of debate. To Waltz, the presence of nuclear weapons in the international system would reduce war and conflicts because it successfully reduced tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Sagan differs significantly with the views of Waltz because the deterrence notion and the rational actor model require the existence of some conditions, which are absent in the current international system. One of the major arguments of Sagan is that weak states such as Iran and North Korea do not have sufficient policies and mechanisms through which nuclear energy could be safeguarded. This means that nuclear energy could easily land into the hands of criminals and terrorists, which is extremely dangerous. The case could be different in case Iran and North Korea were democratic states. For the ideas of Waltz to be accepted, democracy must be restored in the two countries since an egalitarian society would not support the activities of des troyers of life and property. Weak states such as Iran and North Korea have no ability to implement policies that would prevent nuclear accidents and the spread of nuclear weapons4. Nuclear energy should only be acquired by states governed by strong civilian governments, unlike North Korea and Iran, which are run either by dictators or by military regimes. States would not be cautious, as was the case in the Cold War because the international system is different. A report released in 2006 by the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism suggested that the United States had achieved a lot in terms of preserving its national interests, but more had to be done since terrorists had diversified their techniques and channels5. This means that the US has to come up with additional strategies to ensure that the heinous acts of terrorists are curtailed. The report concluded that the state had achieved its interest of kicking out terrorists in Afghanistan and Iraq, but much had to be done to ensure that the activities of other extremist organizations funded by states such as Iran and North Korea are stopped. This means that Iran and North Korea pose a serious challenge to the international community because of the possession of nuclear power. The nuclear weapons could be used to destabilize the world economy and security, especially when it gets into the hands of terrorists. Iran and North Korea are suspected to support terrorism meaning that they can easily liaise with extremist organizations to cause havoc in the world. In this regard, the report gives some of the strategies that would help the state in fighting terrorism, including the ambitions of North Korea and Iran. It should be understood that the fight of terrorism is the advancement of freedom and human dignity because the main aim of terrorists is to destroy human life and property. The report rules out any possibility of poverty being the main cause of terrorism since Iran and North Korea have always claimed that the acquisition of nuclear power would help them elevate the levels of economic development. To deal with the threats posed by North Korea and Iran, the leadership of these two countries ought to be interrogated meaning that the US should come up with policies such as denying the government officials entry to the US and other allies. This would force them to comply since travelling sanctions would force them to comply with the internationally set standards. Another strategy entails preventing the attacks that would be launched by terrorists. This implies that the US government must come into terms with the reality that terrorism does not target only developed countries, but instead it could be committed in other countries that support the US6. In this regard, the US government should offer technical and military support to other countries around the world to help them curb the issue of nuclear threat. For instance, India and Pakistan have acquired nuclear technologies, which i s one of the strategies to counter the influence of North Korean and Iran in the region. The report also suggests that the US should ensure that the materials used in the manufacture of nuclear power should not reach the hands of criminals, including Iran and North Korea. To put this strategy into effect, the US government should determine the intentions, capabilities, and plans of Iran and North Korea as regards to the acquisition of nuclear power. The power could be used to manufacture weapons of mass destruction, which is extremely dangerous to the world security. The sale of materials should be supervised closely. A study conducted by Blum concluded that terrorists had shifted focus in terms of the targets and the techniques employed7. However, he noted that the use of weapons of mass destruction is not within the reach of terrorists because the unavailability of materials and qualified personnel to design the weapons. His study concluded that terrorists were increasingly shifti ng focus to the Middle East because of the perception that some states in the region are sympathizers of the west. Moreover, terrorists have adopted a new approach of unleashing terror because they no longer kidnap, but instead they carry out suicide bombing. The study proved that terrorists have never resorted to the use of weapons of mass destruction. Just as the report released by the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, Blum’s study proved that terrorism had reformed mainly because of the emergence of extremist organizations. In this regard, Blum suggests that the US should simply focus on promoting peace and democracy in the two countries, which would definitely end the acts of terrorism. This would demand for a multilateral action implying that other actors must be involved in the plan. In fact, Blum suggests that non-actors should be involved in ending the looming nuclear crisis, which is the main worry in regards to the utilization of the weapons of mass destruc tion. A report released by the national security strategy in 2010 gave extensive plans on how the US would deal with actors in the international system considered a security threat8. The plans proposed are mainly concerned with strengthening the instruments of the American government because disunity in government has always snatched the executive an opportunity to deal with Iran and North Korea as regards to the nuclear threats. In this regard, American leaders must understand what actually constitutes national security and work in harmony to realize these plans. To succeed in fighting North Korea and Iran, the approaches employed ought to be sustainable and achievable. It is noted that the US has been able to develop due to the establishment of strong institutions and technological advancement. However, the government has been unable to act on the threats posed by other actors internationally because of the internal wrangles among government the branches of government. In particul ar, there are some unfinished reform agendas, which are hindering the capability of the government to deal with external challenges, such as the challenge of possession of nuclear power, which is a threat to world peace. In this regard, the three arms of government should be able to work in harmony to pass the important legislations that would give the executive the power to act swiftly. Terrorism and the threats of nuclear power are some of the problems that do not demand too much consultation because they are considered urgent. However, the US government does not have the power to act unilaterally since it must consult other non-state actors, including consideration of public opinion, which is time consuming. The national strategy for homeland security report released in 2007 suggested that the government had to develop the technology sector if it were to contain the influence of world aggressors such as Iran and North Korea. The field of research should be developed because it su pports the strategies that the government designs in keeping off the threats posed by enemies. Enemark is of the view that the topic on weapons of mass destruction should stop because the weapons have never existed in the international system9. He notes that even though Iran and North Korea are accused of possessing nuclear power, they have not been in a position to develop weapons of mass destruction. His major concern is with the use of language because its use may confuse policy makers when making effective policies meant to curb the threats posed by Iran and North Korea10. The scholar suggests that policy makers should focus on formulating policies aimed at stopping Iran and North Korea from proceeding with their nuclear plan, but they should not incorporate the term weapons of mass destruction in their plans. Methodology This chapter focuses on various aspects of research development. It includes methods of data collection, its analysis and presentation procedures. Every resear ch project applies a certain research method to achieve its objectives depending on its goals. The methods used to conduct research in this project compared closely with the methods proposed in the project proposal. This was so because the project proposal had been proven to be workable. In research, design deals primarily with aims, uses, purposes, intentions, and plans within the practical constraints of time, location, money, and availability of staff Research Design The chapter brings back the research hypotheses. This is important because it is at this stage that the researcher goes into the field to gather information. It is therefore necessary that the research hypothesis is brought to focus because it would be the guiding light in the process of gathering data. The researcher would be trying to confirm the hypotheses. In order to eliminate criticism, this chapter clearly states the scope of the study. There are limits beyond which this research may not hold because of the me thod used in data collection and analysis11. It is therefore important that limitations are clearly stated to make it clear to readers of this material how far this research reveals what it purports to. Therefore, data sources are expected to be more reliable. However, the rationale to use such data is that data sources are available at lower cost or free of costs while data collection process using questionnaire is time consuming and expensive. As the researcher of this dissertation would follow both qualitative and quantitative research approach, it is essential to collect significant part of secondary data. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on published data and computerized database to formulate the paper. However, secondary data has a number of positive factors. For instance, it is easy to collect, and less expensive. In order to formulate the paper, the researcher would use Computerized Database and Published Secondary Data including general business sources. However, the f ollowing chart gives an idea about the secondary data sources, as shown below. The dissertation would mainly focus on the internet databases because this is an easy and less expensive system of data collection. Theoretical Framework Data Collection Data in this article will mainly be obtained from the various sources that are already published, as shown in the above diagram. It should be noted that the sources to be utilized are peer reviewed journal articles and books. The researcher will restrict himself to the public articles and books in order to make the whole process valid and reliable. In any study, the researcher should ensure that validity and reliability is achieved. In this study, keeping off from biases and unneccessary criticism would be one of the techniques employed to ensure the study is credible12. From the chart in the theoretical framework section, both government and other publications will be relied upon in analyzing the behavior of leaders as regards to polic y formulation. Analysis and Findings From the literature review, the researcher gathered considerable amount of information about this field. Many of the reports that exist in this field are very resourceful as individuals of high integrity did them. The manner in which they were done also passes as good enough to be used in various aspects of research. However, this is a different research. It must be in a position to develop its own arguments based on data collected from primary sources. This does not rule out the importance of secondary sources of data. To ensure originality in any research, there is need to use primary data. The purpose of collecting data was to help facilitate analysis that would lead to giving answers that are desired in this research. The objective of this research was to respond to some of the questions that other scholars had not responded to through the existing literature. To be in a position to respond to these questions, there will be need to collect da ta. After successful collection of data, analysis would be very important. When taken from the field, data is considered raw and therefore cannot be of much help to the target audience. For this reason, it is important to analyze data to produce the desired result that would be useful to various individuals. Role of literature review in data collection requirements Literature review plays a vital role in data collection process. As noted above, research has been going on for some time now. Every field of study has some relevant previous bodies of literature that other researchers had conducted before. This information is very important to a researcher. In the process of gathering data, the first source that any researcher should not assume is the secondary sources of information. It is important to note that the studies were done after careful collection and analysis of relevant data. When taking literature review as part of the sources of data, it is important to note that they are secondary sources. Unlike the data that would be collected from the fields which is raw, literature provides data that is already processed. Literature review plays an important role in determining how data collection would be done. Because the bodies of literature provide information that is already synthesized, and with clear steps that were taken to reach the results, the researcher may consider taking an approach used by one of the researchers that may lead to generation of required answers. Alternatively, the researcher may consider integrating a number of methods employed by different previous researchers to come up with his or her own technique that incorporates all the desirable concepts used by the available literature. A good research project should not purport to be basing its arguments from the scratch. It is important that a researcher engage closely with the works of previous researchers from an early stage of data collection. With this, the researcher would be inform ing the consumers of this document that there was an effort from the earliest stage of the dissertation that closely compares the works of other researchers, and how they relate to the current research. This would not only enhance the validity of the report, but also demonstrate that the research seeks to develop the works of previous researches. The findings from the review of literature reveal that the US should act to prevent North Korea and Iran from establishing their nuclear power programs. The United States needs to come up with comprehensive strategies to compel Iran and North Korea to negotiate on its own terms. However, this would not be an easy task since Iran and North Korea are determined to realize their dream regarding nuclear power programs. If the US allows the two countries to actualize their nuclear plans, the world security would be at risk since the energy could be used to develop weapons of mass destruction, which are extremely dangerous to the very survival. H owever, some scholars observe that the issue of nuclear energy should not be tied to weapons of mass destruction since they are not related at all. Terrorists have never employed weapons of mass destruction mainly because of the technicalities involved in the designing the weapons. Literature reveals that the US should focus on seeking multilateral support because nuclear energy is a matter of death and life meaning that each actor should be involved in designing the policies aimed at stopping its development. In this regard, the role of the United Nations is critical since it could invoke its powers, including slapping economic and political sanctions on the two states, which would force them to stop the program13. In this case, the US should lobby other powerful states, mainly the five permanent members of the Security Council, to force the UN to slap economic sanctions14. The influence of the UN has been tremendous, especially its use of a no-fly-zone rule, which forces states to negotiate. From the review of the existing body of knowledge and evaluation of various government reports, at least three viable policies can be applied successfully in dealing with the Iranian and North Korean nuclear weapons threat. One of the policies is containment. This policy was applied successful to check the influence of the Soviet Union during the Cold war. In early 1990s, the US was able to contain the influence of Iraq in the Middle East region through the application of the policy. The policy does not demand the involvement of the international community since it is just upon the US government to isolate the two states. The United States has applied the policy variously whenever its national interest was under threat15. Truman advocated for the application of the containment policy meaning that the United States confronted its adversaries in all corners. In this regard, the United States should come up with policies aiming at reducing the influence of Iran and North Ko rea in regions they are perceived to be strong. The second policy is the use of diplomacy and economic sanctions, even though they have been applied unsuccessfully previously. Iran and North Korea are signatories to the world agency in charge of nuclear energy control and management (International Atomic Energy Agency). In this regard, they should be forced to abide by the provisions of the agency. The agency should be supported to conduct frequent inspection in the two countries and the leadership of the two countries should be urged not to interfere with the operations of the agency. Through diplomacy, Iran should be reminded that it sits on massive deposits of oil, which can sustain the country’s energy for years hence there is no need of developing nuclear energy. In case the two policies fail, the US could as well deploy the military in the two countries to restore democracy and install civilian governments. Democratic regimes would be willing to take part in diplomatic negotiations rather than generate unnecessary conflicts. Summary and Conclusion The United States has a role to play to its people as far as preservation of peace and maintenance of security is concerned. American foreign policy makers have engaged in negotiations aimed at resolving the issue, but the efforts have bore no fruits because of techniques applied were defective. The US came up with a policy that would entice Iran and North Korea to drop their nuclear plans, but the plans were unsustainable. Therefore, policy makers should come up with a long-term program, which is realistic and all-inclusive meaning all stakeholders in the world security should be involved. It should be understood that unilateral decisions are usually aimed at resolving the short-term problems, but they do not address the long-terms issues. Therefore, the US should advocate for a policy that would resolve the issue finally. This entails the involvement of the UN and other powers in the plans. The policie s made towards the relations with the two countries should not be isolationist in nature because it would simply worsen the issue16. This article has tried to come up with some of the best decisions that would resolve the issue at hand. The paper would conduct an extensive research to establish the views of American foreign policy makers before recommending the best policy option. The paper has always conducted a literature to determine the views of previous scholars and policy makers. The findings suggest that the US government cannot handle the issue without involving other actors, including the American populace, the United Nations, and other units in the international system. The existing body of knowledge shows that no single policy that can be applied in resolving the existing nuclear energy crisis between the United States and the two world aggressors. It is also eminent that the two aggressors are determined to move on with their nuclear programs despite the objections from various units in the international system. The United States has a role to play given the fact that it is the world’s superpower. Three options are available to the superpower, but the main problem is choosing the best option that would preserve the status of the superpower and at the same time fulfill the interests of the American people17. Studies show that the Iranian and North Korean citizens are tired of the tyrannical and militaristic governments. They are willing to cooperate with the international community to end injustices and the conditions of the 19th century, which include lack of food, lack of representation in government, inequality, oppression, and brutality. Irrespective of the policy that the United States employs, the life that people face in Iran and North Korea should be uplifted. All possible means should be employed in uplifting the living standards of the Middle East citizens. In the region, the human rights are never respected at all. Bibliography Blu m, Andrew. Non-state Actors, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction. International Studies Review 7.1 (2005): 133-170. Creswell, John. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, Sage, 2009. Department of Defense. National Security Strategy. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2010. Department of Defense. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2006. Department of Defense. National Strategy for countering Biological Threats, 2009. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2009. Department of Defense. National Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2007. Enemark, Christian. â€Å"Farewell to WMD: The Language and Science of Mass Destruction.† Contemporary Security Policy 32.2 (2011):382-400. Hakim, Catherine. Research Design: Successful Designs for Social and Economic Research. London: Routledge, 2000. Harvey, David. The New Imperialis m. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Jafarzadeh, Alireza. The Iran Threat. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. National Science and Technology Council. A National Strategy for CBRNE Standards. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2011. Safire, William. â€Å"On Language; Weapons of Mass Destruction.† New York Times Magazine, April 19, 1998, 22. Sagan, Scott, and Kenneth Waltz. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003. Sagan, Scott. â€Å"How to Keep the Bomb from Iran.† Foreign Affairs 85.5 (2006): 45-59 Sciolino, Elaine. Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran. New York: Simon Schuster, 2000. United States Government Accountability Office. Steps Have Been Taken to Improve U.S. Northern Command’s Coordination with States and the National Guard Bureau, but Gaps Remain. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2008. Footnotes 1 United States Government Accountability Office. Steps Have Been Taken to Improve U.S. Northern Command’s Coordinati on with States and the National Guard Bureau, but Gaps Remain. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2008. 2Elaine Sciolino, Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran (New York: Simon Schuster, 2000), 12. 3Scott Sagan and Kenneth Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons (New York: W.W.Norton, 2003), 45. 4Scott Sagan, â€Å"How to Keep the Bomb From Iran,† Foreign Affairs 85.5 (2006): 45 5 Department of Defense. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, 2006. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2006. 6 Department of Defense. National Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2007. 7 Andrew, Blum, Non-state Actors, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction. International Studies Review 7.1 (2005): 145. 8Department of Defense. National Security Strategy, 2010. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2010. 9 Christian Enemark, â€Å"Farewell to WMD: The Language and Science of Mass Destruction.† Contemporary Security Poli cy 32.2 (2011):382-400. 10William Safire, â€Å"On Language; Weapons of Mass Destruction.† New York Times Magazine, April 19, 1998, 22. 11John Creswell, Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (Thousand Oaks, Sage, 2009), 23. 12Catherine, Hakim and Research Design: Successful Designs for Social and Economic Research (London: Routledge, 2000). 13 Department of Defense. National Strategy for countering Biological Threats, 2009. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2009. 14 National Science and Technology Council. A National Strategy for CBRNE Standards. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2011. 15 Seymour Hersh, â€Å"The Redirection,† The New Yorker 83.2 (2007): 54. 16David Harvey, The New Imperialism (New York: Oxford UP, 2003), 18. 17Alireza Jafarzadeh, The Iran Threat (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 87. This research paper on The United States Stance with North Korea and Iran on Nuclear War was written and submitted by user Aryana P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.